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Self Defense Hyong (Form) | |  
| | The hyong (form) in traditional Taekwon-Do represents the confrontation with an imaginary opponent. The
correct execution of a hyong also includes paying attention to accurate execution, coordination, correct breathing, keeping one's balance and total concentration.
The hyong is a prearranged set of offensive- and defensive-techniques.
In Traditional Tae Kwon-Do there are 20 forms. In each form the name and movements represent the story and personalities of Korea. |  | | | Chon-Ji Hyong (1. Hyong)
CHON- JI means literally " the Heaven the Earth". It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore, it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts; one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth.
Tan-Gun Hyong (2. Hyong)
TAN-GUN is named after the holy Tan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2,333 B.C.
To-San Hyong (3. Hyong)
TO-SAN is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876-1938) The 24 movements represent his entire life which he devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement.
Won-Hyo Hyong (4. Hyong)
WON-HYO was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year of 686 A.D.
Yul-Kok Hyong (5. Hyong)
YUL-GOK is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi l (1536-1584) nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea" The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38 latitude and the diagram represents "scholar".
Chun-Gun Hyong (6. Hyong)
ChUN-GUN is named after the patriot Ahn Chun-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. Ahn's age when he was executed in a Lui-Shung prison (1910).
T'oi-Gye Hyong (7. Hyong)
TOI-GYE is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37 latitude, the diagram represents " scholar".
Hwa-Rang Hyong (8. Hyong)
HWA-RANG is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group, which originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity.
Chung-Mu Hyong (9. Hyong)
CHUNG-MOO was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Lee Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.
Gwang-Gae Hyong (10. Hyong)
GWANG-GAE is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391 A. D., the year he came to the throne.
| | P'o-Eun Hyong (11. Hyong)
PO-EUN is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400) who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.
Ge-Baek (12. Hyong)
GE-BAEK is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 AD). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.
Yu-Sin (13. Hyong)
YU-SIN is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D., the year Korea was united. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn on the right rather than left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin's mistake of following his Kings' orders to fight with foreign forces against his own nation.
Chung-Yang (14. Hyong)
CHUNG-YANG is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Lee Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left-hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.
Ul-Ji (15. Hyong)
UL- JI is named after general Ul-Ji Moon Dok who successfully defended Korea against a Tang's invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D., Ul-Ji employing hit and run guerilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represent the author's age when he designed the pattern.
Sam-Il (16. Hyong)
SAM-IL denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.
Ko-Dang (17. Hyong)
KO-DANG Pseudonyn of the patriot Cho Man Shik, who dedicated his life to the Korean Independence Movement and to the education of his people.
Ch'oi-Yong (18. Hyong)
CHOI-YONG is named after General Choi Yong, premier and commander in chief of the armed forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders headed by general Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first King of the Lee Dynasty.
Se-Yong (19. Hyong)
SE-YONG is named after the greatest Korean King, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The digram represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.
T'ong-Il (20. Hyong)
TONG-IL denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been divided since 1945. The diagram symbolizes the homogenous race.
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| | Sparring is the direct confrontation with an opponent and should be carried out as a no-contact exercise. All techniques are to be stopped timely, before impact in order to avoid injuring your opponent.
The no-contact method of traditional Taekwon-Do makes it possible to integrate all of the learned movements into the sparring exercise. In the full-contact sparring, such as practiced in other systems, stress is only concentrated into a limited variety of
movements because "pointing" is only achieved when you strike a certain area on your opponent's body.
In Taekwon-Do, sparring our aim is to mentally strengthen instead of physically breaking down or destruct. The aim of the sparring practice is to promote creativity. One learns to respect his training partner, to prime his reflexes and also furthers his own ability to react to unexpected occurrences (or react quickly in surprise situations).
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| | The break test is an indicator for the intellectual development of the student. In training, the break test is not specifically practiced, it is however a test component of all belt tests and should be done with perfect technique and execution. Only in the correct harmony of respiration, concentration, exact technique and intellectual will power, will the break test be successful. |
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